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Local Bodies in Tamil Nadu constitute the three tier administration set-up in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a system of local government which forms the last level from the Centre.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/local_govt.php )〕 Chennai Corporation (now in Tamil Nadu) in the then Madras Presidency, established in 1688, is the oldest such Local Body not only in India but also in any commonwealth nations outside United Kingdom.〔(Brief Note on Corporation Of Chennai )〕 == History == The history of local bodies in Tamil Nadu could be dated back to the Ancient period wherein the village administration was taken care by a ''Village assembly'' known as ''Sabai'' ((タミル語:சபை)) in every village. Further, each village was divided into several ''wards'' known as ''mandalams'' ((タミル語:மண்டலம்)).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Ancient Epigraphical Inscription on elections )〕 This is evident from the epigraph inscriptions found in ''Vaikuntha Perumal Temple'' near Uthiramerur. They used the Pot-ticket system of election (Kudavolai Murai) to elect the representatives to the assembly. Later came the British rule in India in which the centralization of governance was enforced. People in the interior of the villages had to walk up to the central authorities for their obligations and grievances. Anyhow this system faded out as the British government realized the pitfalls in this system. Laudable efforts of Lord Ripon brought legislation in this aspect which created ''unions'' in small towns and villages, to facilitate proper sanitation and lighting. Later, councils were constituted in this regard for which the members are directly elected by elections. Councils were made accountable to an Inspector and Chairman.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=A Brief History of the Evolution of Panchayats in Tamil Nadu )〕 Though urbanization was less prevalent those days, Chennai (erstwhile ''Madras'') had the honor of having such Municipal Corporation status even in 1688. Urban local bodies known Municipalities were in existence. A department named ''Local and Municipal Department'' was functioning in the then Secretariat from 1916 and it had Local, Municipal, Plague, Medical and Legislative Branches.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=About Us )〕 Independent India heard many voices for the revival and strengthening of the Village panchayats, even as the Nation's father Mahatma Gandhi insisted upon this for achieving Swaraj completely covering all the corners of this country. Later, a committee set up by Government of India, popularly known Balwant Rai Mehta Committee committee suggested the formation of three tier Panchayati Raj system.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Post Independence Method of Election )〕 From then, there came many legislation to ensure effective system of Local governance in Tamil Nadu. Notable legislative orders to Local Bodies by the centre-state governments include: # Article 40 of Indian Constitution # Madras Village Panchayat Act, 1950 # Tamil Nadu District Municipalities (Amendment) Act, 1950 # Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1958 # Tamil Nadu District Development Councils Act, 1958 # Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 (ratifications to 73rd and 74th Amendment of the Constitution of India) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Local bodies in Tamil Nadu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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